{"id":342,"date":"2011-07-23T10:04:19","date_gmt":"2011-07-23T10:04:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.faultorfeature.com\/?p=342"},"modified":"2011-07-23T10:04:19","modified_gmt":"2011-07-23T10:04:19","slug":"bull-bridge-accident","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.faultorfeature.com\/?p=342","title":{"rendered":"Bull bridge accident"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"bridge
by Ken Roberts Photography<\/a><\/div>\n

Bull bridge accident<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bull bridge accident<\/p>\n

<\/a>
\n \t\tFree Online Articles Directory<\/p>\n

<\/a>
\n <\/a>
\n <\/a>
\n <\/a><\/p>\n

Why Submit Articles?<\/a>
\n Top Authors<\/a>
\n Top Articles<\/a>
\n FAQ<\/a>
\n ABAnswers<\/a><\/p>\n

Publish Article<\/a><\/p>\n

0 && $.browser.msie ) {
\n var ie_version = parseInt($.browser.version);
\n if(ie_version Login<\/a><\/p>\n

\t
\n Login via
\n <\/a>
\n
\n <\/a><\/p>\n

Register<\/a>
\nHello
\n My Home<\/a>
\n Sign Out<\/a><\/p>\n

Email
\n
Password
\n

\n Remember me?
Lost Password?<\/a><\/p>\n

Home Page<\/a> > Business<\/a> > Public Relations<\/a> > Bull bridge accident <\/p>\n

Bull bridge accident<\/p>\n

Posted: Jul 09, 2010 |Comments: 0<\/a>
\n |<\/p>\n

<\/a>
\n <\/a>
\n <\/a>
\n <\/a><\/p>\n

]]><\/p>\n

The Accident
\n
It happened on the Midland Railway track between Derby and Chesterfield, on a dark and foggy night of 26 September 1860. With visibility only about 10 yards, the train was proceeding north at only 14 mph. It was a long train, with 27 wagons loaded with salt, two loaded goods vans, engine, tender and brake van. The heavy load was causing some slippage on the rail. Half a mile beyond Ambergate station, the driver suddenly noticed that his rear wheels were no longer on the rails. He shut off steam, stopped the engine and went to investigate. His tender was attached to only two wagons, and they were all off the rails too. There were two more wagons about 10 yards behind, close to Bull bridge, a small viaduct over a local road. The next nine wagons behind were piled in a heap about 25 feet high from the bottom of the road, reaching up to the telegraph wires by the side of the track. The guard in the brake van had been thrown head first against the front panel when the accident occurred, but was not seriously hurt. All the wagons behind the bridge were still on the line.
\n
Investigation
\n
Section of broken girder
\n
When examined by the driver and fireman, they found that one of the cast iron girders had fractured, unusually near to one of the abutments, rather than at the centre of the beam. The track was supported by a pair of identical girders with Barlow rails cut to length laid across the inner flange, with asphalted ballast on top, just below the sleepers. When Captain Henry Whatley Tyler of the Railway Inspectorate examined the fracture surface, he found it rusted over, but the evidence of those who had seen it first, showed just what had happened. The cast iron girder had broken vertically from an enormous defect in the web and flanges, where there was a complete gap between the sides. The girder was completely defective here, but why no one had spotted it before the accident remains a mystery. Tyler suggests that it may have grown from an internal void with time, simply because such a defect would surely have been discovered either by the foundry or the builders. The girder had been installed 23 years before, in 1837, and should have supported a central load of 90 tons if in good condition. The pair of girders should have supported a total load of 360 tons distributed over all the structure, and Tyler stated that the girder was much bigger than was needed for the job. The engine weighed 31 tons and the tender 18 tons. The source of the defect remains unknown, but may have been caused initially by a “cold shut”, where the molten metal does not fuse together during metal casting. It often occurs when two waves of fast cooling cast iron meet, but why it should have occurred only about 10 feet from one end remains unknown. It could have grown with repeated loading from passing traffic, and Tyler thought it lucky that it had failed when a goods train was passing, rather than a passenger train, when casualties would have been inevitable. So it is possible that fatigue had caused the failure by steady growth of a brittle crack from the initial defect.
\n
Implications
\n
Together with the Wooton bridge collapse next year in 1861, there should have been some concern within the railway companies about the number of cast iron girders used as under-bridges on railway lines. Engineers would also have been aware of the problems of cast-iron in railway bridges after the failure of the Dee bridge in 1847. Whether or not such structures were inspected is unknown. Later events seem to negate the possibility, because several more collapses occurred some years later, at the Inverythan crash and the Norwood Junction rail accident in 1891. Thereafter, all cast-iron underbridges on the rail network were eventually replaced by steel structures.
\n
See also
\n
Dee bridge disaster
\n
Inverythan crash
\n
Norwood Junction rail accident
\n
Wooton bridge collapse
\n
References
\n
Peter R Lewis, Disaster on the Dee: Robert Stephenson’s Nemesis of 1847, Tempus (2007).
\n
Coordinates: 530359 12750 \/ 53.0664N 1.4639W \/ 53.0664; -1.4639
\n
Categories: Bridge disasters in the United Kingdom | Railway accidents in England | Rail transport in Derbyshire | History of Derbyshire | Railway accidents in 1860 | 1860 in England <\/p>\n

Retrieved from “http:\/\/www.articlesbase.com\/public-relations-articles\/bull-bridge-accident-2803937.html<\/a>”<\/p>\n

(ArticlesBase SC #2803937)<\/p>\n

Start increasing your traffic today just by submitting articles with us, click here to get started.<\/a>
\n Liked this article? Click here to publish it on your website or blog, it’s free and easy!<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

dpdp<\/a><\/strong> –
\n About the Author:<\/strong><\/p>\n

I am China Product<\/a> writer, reports some information about futon organic<\/a> , coir mats.<\/p>\n

]]>
\n Questions and Answers<\/p>\n

Ask our experts your Public Relations related questions here…<\/p>\n

200\u00a0Characters left
\n Ask<\/a><\/p>\n

Rate this Article <\/b><\/p>\n

1<\/a>
\n 2<\/a>
\n 3<\/a>
\n 4<\/a>
\n 5<\/a><\/p>\n

vote(s)
\n 0 vote(s)<\/p>\n

Feedback<\/a> <\/p>\n

Print<\/a> <\/p>\n

Re-Publish<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

0) {
\n \t ch_selected = Math.floor(Math.random()*ch_queries.length);
\n \t\t if(ch_selected == ch_queries.length) ch_selected–;
\n \t ch_query = ch_queries[ch_selected];
\n \t}
\n }catch(e){
\n \tch_query = document.title;
\n }
\n ]]><\/p>\n

Source:<\/b> \u00a0http:\/\/www.articlesbase.com\/public-relations-articles\/bull-bridge-accident-2803937.html<\/a><\/p>\n

Article Tags:
\n futon organic<\/a>, coir mats<\/a> <\/p>\n

Latest Public Relations Articles<\/a>
\n More from dpdp<\/a><\/p>\n

The Multidimensional PR Approach<\/a><\/p>\n

Whereas traditional media is still as important as ever, you can now utilize it in a variety of ways. For example, as opposed to focusing solely on traditional media, you can target some specific media outlets and use those validating mainstream media hits to enhance your online media campaign.<\/p>\n

By:
\n Anthony Mora<\/a>l<\/p>\n

Business<\/a>>
\n Public Relations<\/a>l
\n Jul 22, 2011<\/p>\n

Why You Don’t Know That- You Need PR<\/a><\/p>\n

Many people still feel that Public Relations is for celebrities, politicians and professional athletes; those people are missing a huge marketing opportunity to build their business. Do you need to sign more clients, sell more products, increase your cash flow, establish your brand, interest more prospects, or broaden your target market? Then read on.<\/p>\n

By:
\n Anthony Mora<\/a>l<\/p>\n

Business<\/a>>
\n Public Relations<\/a>l
\n Jul 22, 2011<\/p>\n

Your Individual Digital PR Navigates Cyberspace<\/a><\/p>\n

Check out digital marketing for the most successful marketing in present-day and potential merchandise promotion. You can get the assistance that you need from the extremely respected digital marketing agency . These agencies can provide you with a well of instruction digital pr staff member who will target an advertising campaign to meet your organization’s requirements.<\/p>\n

By:
\n Social Media PR<\/a>l<\/p>\n

Business<\/a>>
\n Public Relations<\/a>l
\n Jul 21, 2011<\/p>\n

Financial services public relations can help recover from a public relations nightmare<\/a><\/p>\n

Financial services public relations firms can help the financial sector save face. This is necessary because of the recent economic downturn.<\/p>\n

By:
\n Kevin Waddel<\/a>l<\/p>\n

Business<\/a>>
\n Public Relations<\/a>l
\n Jul 20, 2011<\/p>\n

The medical profession is rife with uncertainties, so a health care public relations firm can help<\/a><\/p>\n

Health care public relation firms have to ensure that their clients are satisfied. If they are not, they run the risk of losing their business.<\/p>\n

By:
\n Kevin Waddel<\/a>l<\/p>\n

Business<\/a>>
\n Public Relations<\/a>l
\n Jul 18, 2011<\/p>\n

Mitsubishi Magna<\/a><\/p>\n

First generation (19851991) First generation (TMP) Production May 1985arch 1991 Body style(s) 4-door sedan 5-door station wagon Engine(s) 2<\/p>\n

By:
\n dpdp<\/a>l<\/p>\n

Business<\/a>>
\n Ask an Expert<\/a>l
\n Apr 02, 2011
\n lViews: 226<\/p>\n

Refused to White Pollution: Plastic bottles can be turned over to &quot;love bags&quot; – plastic li<\/a><\/p>\n

?? Chun Feng spectrum and the China Environmental Protection Foundation launched the national &quot;environmental income&quot; communities Recently<\/p>\n

By:
\n dpdp<\/a>l<\/p>\n

Business<\/a>>
\n Leadership<\/a>l
\n Apr 02, 2011<\/p>\n

Basic Instinct<\/a><\/p>\n

Plot When a wealthy former rock star named Johnny Boz is brutally stabbed to death with an ice pick during sexual intercourse, Detective Nick Curran (Michael Douglas) is sent to investigate<\/p>\n

By:
\n dpdp<\/a>l<\/p>\n

Business<\/a>>
\n Networking<\/a>l
\n Apr 02, 2011<\/p>\n

Halloween around the world<\/a><\/p>\n

Ireland Snap-Apple Night by Daniel Maclise portrays a Halloween party in Blarney, Ireland, in 1832. The young children on the right bob for apples. A couple in the center play “Snap-Apple<\/p>\n

By:
\n dpdp<\/a>l<\/p>\n

Business<\/a>>
\n Negotiation<\/a>l
\n Apr 02, 2011<\/p>\n

Teach you how to distinguish between true and false Online Shop &quot;Islay by&quot; Down – Islay by<\/a><\/p>\n

As the Internet market, online shopping, or light or heavy of these problems exist, particularly the proliferation of fake phenomenon, has made it a target of public criticism<\/p>\n

By:
\n dpdp<\/a>l<\/p>\n

Business<\/a>>
\n Project Management<\/a>l
\n Apr 02, 2011<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Add new Comment<\/p>\n

Your Name: *<\/p>\n

Your Email: <\/p>\n

Comment Body: *<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Verification code:*<\/p>\n

* Required fields<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Submit <\/p>\n

Your Articles Here
It’s Free and easy<\/p>\n

Sign Up Today<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n


\n <\/a><\/p>\n

Author Navigation<\/p>\n

My Home<\/a>
\n Publish Article<\/a>
\n View\/Edit Articles<\/a>
\n View\/Edit Q&A<\/a>
\n Edit your Account<\/a>
\n Manage Authors<\/a>
\n Statistics Page<\/a>
\n Personal RSS Builder<\/a>
\nMy Home<\/a>
\n Edit your Account<\/a>
\n Update Profile<\/a>
\n View\/Edit Q&A<\/a>
\n Publish Article<\/a>
\nAuthor Box<\/p>\n


\n <\/a><\/p>\n

dpdp<\/a> has 569 articles online <\/p>\n

Contact Author<\/a><\/p>\n

Subscribe to RSS<\/a><\/p>\n

Print article<\/a><\/p>\n

Send to friend<\/a><\/p>\n

Re-Publish article<\/a><\/p>\n

Articles Categories
\nAll Categories<\/p>\n

Advertising<\/a>
\n Arts & Entertainment<\/a>
\n Automotive<\/a>
\n Beauty<\/a>
\n Business<\/a>
\n Careers<\/a>
\n Computers<\/a>
\n Education<\/a>
\n Finance<\/a>
\n Food and Beverage<\/a>
\n Health<\/a>
\n Hobbies<\/a>
\n Home and Family<\/a>
\n Home Improvement<\/a>
\n Internet<\/a>
\n Law<\/a>
\n Marketing<\/a>
\n News and Society<\/a>
\n Relationships<\/a>
\n Self Improvement<\/a>
\n Shopping<\/a>
\n Spirituality<\/a>
\n Sports and Fitness<\/a>
\n Technology<\/a>
\n Travel<\/a>
\n Writing<\/a><\/p>\n

Business<\/a> <\/p>\n

Agriculture<\/a>
\n Ask an Expert<\/a>
\n Business Ideas<\/a>
\n Business Opportunities<\/a>
\n Corporate<\/a>
\n Customer Service<\/a>
\n Entrepreneurship<\/a>
\n Ethics<\/a>
\n Franchise<\/a>
\n Fundraising<\/a>
\n Home Business<\/a>
\n Human Resources<\/a>
\n Industrial<\/a>
\n International Business<\/a>
\n Leadership<\/a>
\n Management<\/a>
\n Negotiation<\/a>
\n Networking<\/a>
\n Non Profit Organizations<\/a>
\n Online Business<\/a>
\n Organizational<\/a>
\n Outsourcing<\/a>
\n Presentation<\/a>
\n Project Management<\/a>
\n Public Company<\/a>
\n Public Relations<\/a>
\n Sales<\/a>
\n Six Sigma<\/a>
\n Small Business<\/a>
\n Strategic Planning<\/a>
\n Team Building<\/a>
\n Training<\/a><\/p>\n

]]><\/p>\n

Need Help?<\/strong>
\n Contact Us<\/a>
\n FAQ<\/a>
\n Submit Articles<\/a>
\n Editorial Guidelines<\/a>
\n Blog<\/a><\/p>\n

Site Links<\/strong>
\n Recent Articles<\/a>
\n Top Authors<\/a>
\n Top Articles<\/a>
\n Find Articles<\/a>
\n Site Map<\/a>
\n Mobile Version<\/a><\/p>\n

Webmasters<\/strong>
\n RSS Builder<\/a>
\n RSS<\/a>
\n Link to Us<\/a><\/p>\n

Business Info<\/strong>
\n Advertising<\/a><\/p>\n

Use of this web site constitutes acceptance of the Terms Of Use<\/a> and Privacy Policy<\/a> | User published content is licensed under a Creative Commons License<\/a>.
Copyright \u00a9 2005-2011 Free Articles<\/a> by ArticlesBase.com, All rights reserved. <\/p>\n

\n

I am China Product<\/a> writer, reports some information about futon organic<\/a> , coir mats.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

by Ken Roberts Photography Bull bridge accident Bull bridge accident Free Online Articles Directory Why Submit Articles? Top Authors Top Articles FAQ ABAnswers Publish Article 0 && $.browser.msie ) { var ie_version = parseInt($.browser.version); if(ie_version Login Login via Register Hello My Home Sign Out Email Password Remember me?Lost Password? Home Page > Business > Public […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[1013,49,1056],"class_list":["post-342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-design-flaws","tag-accident","tag-bridge","tag-bull"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.faultorfeature.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.faultorfeature.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.faultorfeature.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.faultorfeature.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.faultorfeature.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=342"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.faultorfeature.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.faultorfeature.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.faultorfeature.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=342"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.faultorfeature.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}